Kerim Xan: Ferqê çımraviyarnayışan

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{{Infobox monarch
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'''MohammadMıhemmed KarimKerim KhanXan ZandZend''' ([[Lurish language|LurishLurki]] : کأریم خان زأند, alsoyew [[Romanize]]dzi Latinizasyonê as '''Mohammad Karīm Khān-e Zand'''), waszi theşınasiyeno) founderoyo ofke thevıraştoğê [[lurish|lur]]Xanedanê [[Zand Dynasty]]Zendio, rulingserranê from1751ıne 1751u to1779ıne 1779.miyan Hede ruledhukım all of [[Iran]] except for [[Khorasan Province|Khorasan]]kerdo.{{sfn|Perry|2011|pp=561–564}} HeO alsoteberê ruledXorasani overde, somepêro [[Caucasus|Caucasian]]erdê landsİrani and occupied [[Basra]]ser forde somehukım yearsramıto.
 
== FamilyKeye andu early lifeheyatê ==
KarimKerim KhanXan belongedbe toeşira theZendi [[Zandra tribe]]gıreydao, anZend [[Iranianoyo peoples|Iranian]]ke tribeşarê ofLuri [[lur people|lur]]rao.{{sfn|Perry|2011|pp=561–564}}<ref name="p. 277">''A fourth pretender was Karim Khan, son of Aymak of the Zand, a section of Lak tribe'', Sir Percy Molesworth Sykes, ''A History of Persi'', Macmillan and co., limited, 1930, [https://books.google.com/books?id=y6BCAAAAIAAJ&q=%22A+fourth+pretender+was+Karim+Khan,+son+of+Aymak+of+the+Zand%22&dq=%22A+fourth+pretender+was+Karim+Khan,+son+of+Aymak+of+the+Zand%22&hl=en&ei=b_RKTr-IK4jqmAWpmNHuBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA p. 277.]</ref><ref name="p. 158">''One of the contenders for power was Karim Khan Zand, a member of the Lak tribe near Shiraz'', William Marsden, Stephen Album, ''Marsden's Numismata orientalia illustrata'', Attic Books, 1977, ISBN 978-0-915018-16-1, [https://books.google.com/books?id=zDtmAAAAMAAJ&q=%22One+of+the+contenders+for+power+was+Karim+Khan+Zand,+a+member+of+the+Lak+tribe+near+Shiraz,%22&dq=%22One+of+the+contenders+for+power+was+Karim+Khan+Zand,+a+member+of+the+Lak+tribe+near+Shiraz,%22&hl=en&ei=vfVKTuL8J6H8mAXfp8TxBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA p. 158.]</ref>[[Lurs|Lur]]<ref name="p. xxxix">''Muhammad Karim Khan, of the Zand clan of the Lur tribe, suc- ceeded in imposing his authority on parts of the defunct Safavid empire'', David Yeroushalmi, ''The Jews of Iran in The Nineteenth Century: Aspects of History, Community, and Culture'', BRILL, 2009, ISBN 978-90-04-15288-5, [https://books.google.com/books?id=XYlGS3s3zTQC&pg=PR39&dq=%22Muhammad+Karim+Khan,+of+the+Zand+clan+of+the+Lur+tribe,+suc-+ceeded+in+imposing+his+authority+on+parts+of+the+defunct+Safavid+empire%22&hl=en&ei=_gJLTsPHGYPEmAXM_oiPCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Muhammad%20Karim%20Khan%2C%20of%20the%20Zand%20clan%20of%20the%20Lur%20tribe%2C%20suc-%20ceeded%20in%20imposing%20his%20authority%20on%20parts%20of%20the%20defunct%20Safavid%20empire%22&f=false p. xxxix.]</ref> origin.Kerim KarimXan Khanserra was1779ıne bornde in ca. 1705 somewhere in westernsuka [[IranŞiraz]].i In 1732, [[Nader Shah]], who was the ''[[de facto]]'' ruler of the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid Empire]], moved thousands of [[Bakhtiari lurs|Bakhtiaris]] and several Zand families to [[Khorasan Province|Khorasan]], Karim Khan and his family being one of them. Later in 1736, Nader Shah deposed the Safavid ruler [[Abbas III]] and assumed the throne for himself, thus starting the [[Afsharid dynasty]]. However, Nader Shah was later murdered in 1747 at the hands of his own men, which gave the Bakhtiaris under the leadership of Ali-Mardan Khan and the Zands under Karim Khan the opportunity to return to their former lands in western Iranmerdo.
 
== Reign Referansi==
 
[[File:Court of Karim khan.png|thumb|left|Court of Karim Khan]]
Some time later, Karim Khan, Ali Mardan Khan and another Bakhtiari chieftain named [[Abulfath Khan Bakhtiari]] reached an agreement to divide the country among themselves and give the throne to the Safavid prince [[Ismail III]]. However, the cooperation ended after Ali Mardan Khan invaded [[Isfahan]] and killed Abulfath Khan. Subsequently, Karim Khan killed Ali Mardan Khan and gained control over all of Iran except Khorasan, which was ruled by [[Shah Rukh of Persia|Shahrokh]], the grandson of Nader Shah. Nevertheless, Karim Khan did not adopt the title of ''Shah'' for himself, preferring the title, ''Vakil e-Ra'aayaa'' (Representative of the People).{{sfn|Perry|2011|pp=561–564}}
 
While Karim was ruler, Persia recovered from the devastation of 40 years of war, providing the war ravaged country with a renewed sense of tranquility, security, peace, and prosperity.
During his reign, relations with [[United Kingdom|Britain]] were restored, and he allowed the [[British East India Company|East India Company]] to have a trading post in southern Iran. He made [[Shiraz, Iran|Shiraz]] his capital and ordered the construction of several architectural projects there. Karim Khan later died in 1 March 1779, having been ill for six months, most likely due to [[tuberculosis]].{{sfn|Perry|2011|pp=561–564}} He was buried three days later in the "Nazar Garden", now known as the [[Pars Museum]].
 
Following Karim Khan's death, civil war broke out once more, and none of his descendants were able to rule the country as effectively as he had. The last of these descendants, [[Lotf Ali Khan]], was killed by [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar]] ruler [[Agha Mohammad Khan]], who became the sole ruler of Iran.
 
== Legacy ==
To this day, he has a reputation as one of the most just and able rulers in Iranian history. A wealth of tales and anecdotes portray Karim Khan as a compassionate ruler, genuinely concerned with the welfare of his subjects. In the words of John Malcolm, "The happy reign of this excellent prince, as contrasted with those who preceded and followed him, affords the historian of Persia that kind of mixed pleasure and repose, which a traveler enjoys on arriving in a beautiful and fertile valley during an arduous journey over barren and rugged wastes. It is pleasing to recount the actions of a chief who, though born of an inferior rank, obtained power without crime, and who exercised it with a moderation that, for the times in which he lived, was as singular as his humanity and justice."<ref>(John Malcolm, The History of Persia, 1829)</ref> He is buried at [[Pars Museum of Shiraz]].
 
== In art ==
Karim Khan is the main character of a [[melodrama]] composed by the Italian musician [[Nicolò Gabrielli|Nicolò Gabrielli di Quercita]]. The work, entitled ''L'assedio di Sciraz'' (The siege of Shiraz) was first performed at [[La Scala|La Scala theatre]] in [[Milan]] during [[Carnival]] [[1840]].
 
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
 
==SourcesÇımeyi==
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = KARIM KHAN ZAND | last = Perry | first = John R. | authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/karim-khan-zand | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XV, Fasc. 6 | pages = 561–564 | location = | publisher = | year = 2011 | isbn = |ref=harv}}
* Perry, John R., ''Karīm Khān Zand: a history of Iran, 1747–1779'' University of Chicago Press, 1979, ISBN 978-0-226-66098-1 and One World Publications, 2006 ISBN 978-1-85168-435-9.
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[[Kategoriye:Luri]]
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Karim Khan
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = [[Shah]] of Iran
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1705
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1779
| PLACE OF DEATH = Shiraz
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Karim Khan}}
[[Category:Zand dynasty]]
[[Category:People from Shiraz]]
[[Category:1705 births]]
[[Category:1779 deaths]]
[[Category:Lur people]]
[[Category:18th-century Iranian people]]